The primary goal of the present research was to determine the order of swimmers on a mixed relay team that would ensure the best performance in the Fédération Internationale de Natation World Championships held in Kazan, Budapest, and Gwangju. The data were obtained from database websites for the 4 × 100 m freestyle and 4 × 100 m medley official results,1 including 660 records from 188 entries of finals and 472 preliminary events. The results showed that the fastest swimmers were (...) located primarily in the first or second positions of the freestyle relay. The most successful gender strategy for the 4 × 100 m freestyle and for the 4 × 100 m medley relays was the order male-male-female-female, although no statistical differences were found for the medley relays. In the 4 × 100 m freestyle, the second and third relay legs had a statistical effect on the total relay time, whereas in the 4 × 100 m medley, all four relay legs had a statistical effect on the final performance, the weight of the four strokes being different in heats with respect to the final round. Also, a later position of the first female swimmer or the consecutive position of two female swimmers in the team order significantly affected the relay performance in specific events. Mixed relay events appeared to present specific strategies in comparison to traditional male- or female-only relay lineups. (shrink)

The aim of this research was to delimit the predictive and mediational model of resilience between character strengths to predict flourishing, in a sample of undergraduate students. After signing their informed consent, 642 university students completed three validated scales. Using an ex post facto design, regression, structural modeling, and mediation analyses were carried out, in order to construct a multi-causal predictive model. Results indicated a consistent predictive direct effect of character strengths on resilience and flourishing and of resilience on flourishing. (...) As hypothesized, resilience also showed a mediating effect on the relationship between character strengths and flourishing. Additionally, results also revealed that the reactive and proactive factors of resilience were explained by different character strengths, reinforcing the idea that the two directions are complementary and necessary. Finally, several implications were established for the practice of positive psychology. (shrink)

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely (...) known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values. (shrink)

BackgroundA combination of theoretical and practical approaches is required to learn and acquire ethical competencies in caring. Occasionally, reflection on practical action differs from theoretica...

El derecho humano al medio ambiente sano se inscribe dentro de los derechos llamados de solidaridad, por lo que el alcance de la esfera de titularidad y observancia es colectivo. La innovación de acceso a la justicia del derecho al medio ambiente sano por la vía colectiva, trajo importantes reformas en la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y a los ordenamientos jurídicos secundarios, al introducir nuevas figuras y conceptos jurídicos, lo cual rediseñó la culturización de la práctica jurídica (...) en el país y la acción para efectivizar el acceso a la justicia de este derecho. (shrink)

Francez has suggested that connexivity can be predicated of connectives other than the conditional, in particular conjunction and disjunction. Since connexivity is not any connection between antecedents and consequents—there might be other connections among them, such as relevance—, my question here is whether Francez’s conjunction and disjunction can properly be called ‘connexive’. I analyze three ways in which those connectives may somehow inherit connexivity from the conditional by standing in certain relations to it. I will show that Francez’s connectives fail (...) all these three ways, and that even other connectives obtained by following more closely Wansing’s method to get a connexive conditional, fail to be connexive as well. (shrink)

A patent is a property granted to any new shape, configuration or arrangement of elements, of any device, tool, instrument, mechanism or other object or part thereof, that allows for a better or different operation, use or manufacture of the object that incorporates it or that provides it with some utility, advantage or technical effect that it did not have before. As a document, a patent really is a title that recognizes the right to exploit the patented invention exclusively, preventing (...) others from making, selling or using it without the consent of the owner. The fact of making a patent is motivated by the fact of promoting creativity, hindering competition in the market as only one person holds the patent, thus protecting the initial investment and fighting against plagiarism. Patents are available to the public for dissemination and general knowledge. It is generally recognized in the specialized literature that patents can be used as an indicator to calculate the results generated by research and development activities, being a very useful indicator to measure various social, economic or technological aspects. For this reason, it is of relevant interest to have tools or systems that allow us to obtain the patents developed in a specific period of time and to carry out analyses of various economic and social factors. These analyses can serve to obtain a social perspective of society’s progress in the technological field, and this is why an analysis of patents is of our interest. This paper proposes a platform specifically designed to obtain knowledge about patents as an indicator of Spanish social, economic or technological aspects. For this purpose, the platform retrieves, analyses and visualizes functionalities that represent data on the landscape of patents obtained from the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office as a particular case of study. (shrink)

For several decades, tourism has mainly been identified as an activity that helps people escape their everyday routines, contributes to understanding between cultures, and promotes economic wellbeing. These assumptions have been questioned in both the public sphere and academic research, however. In this context, tourism research is increasingly drawing on ethical frameworks to support its criticism of tourism. Some of the most outstanding research on this issue is by Dean MacCannell, Emeritus Professor at the University of California at Davis and (...) author of one of the seminal works of the social theory of tourism: The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (1976). MacCannell examines the moral and ethical aspects of tourism in all his writing, but they are the focal point of his book The Ethics of Sightseeing (2011), in which he identifies the tourists’ responsibility to mediate between their understanding of their own pleasure and the ethical repercussions of the late modern imperative, “Enjoy!”. During the Touriscape congress in Malaga, Spain, in February 2018, MacCannell talked about ethics and tourism with José Luis López, who prepared this interview for Recerca. (shrink)

Politicians, pundits, and Pentagon officials are singing the praises of a kinder, gentler American counterinsurgency. Some claim that counterinsurgency is so sophisticated and effective that it is the “graduate level of war.” Private military contracting firms have jumped on the bandwagon, and many have begun employing anthropologists, political scientists, psychologists, and sociologists to help meet the Department of Defense’s new demand. The $60 million Human Terrain System, an intelligence gathering program that embeds social scientists with combat brigades in Iraq and (...) Afghanistan, dramatically illustrates the approach. But when the military, transnational corporations, and the human sciences become obsessed with controlling the “human terrain”—the civilian populations of Iraq and Afghanistan—what are the consequences? In this timely pamphlet, Roberto González offers a searing critique of HTS, showing how the history of anthropology can be used to illuminate the problems of turning “culture” into a military tool. (shrink)

In this paper we show that, when analyzed with contemporary tools in logic—such as Dunn-style semantics, Reichenbach’s three-valued logic exhibits many interesting features, and even new responses to some of the old objections to it can be attempted. Also, we establish some connections between Reichenbach’s three-valued logic and some contra-classical logics.

Vygotsky, at the end of his life, advanced a new representation of a psychological system that was ruled by a cognitive-emotional unity, a theorization that remains inconclusive due to Vygotsky's early death. This article discusses the advances made by Vygotsky in the comprehension of human motivation through his concepts of sense and perezhivanie at the end of his work. Through these concepts, he further advanced the discussion of motivation, despite the fact that these concepts have only very recently been considered (...) a relevant part of his legacy in both Russian and Western psychology. This paper discusses the departure from and the historical presentations of the concept of motive in the following two main approaches of Soviet psychology that were mistakenly equated in Western interpretations: Vygotsky's approach, mainly at the first as last moment of his work, and Leontiev's Activity Theory. Based on the final theoretical positions of Vygotsky and of other Soviet authors, and further developing this legacy, this article proposes a new definition of motivation as a specific quality of subjectively configured systems and defines motive as intrinsic to the functioning of all psychological function defines subjective functions as subjectively configured processes. This new proposal of human motivation within a new way of defining subjectivity defines new categories as subjective senses and subjective configurations on which the author bases a specific approach for advancing the topic of subjectivity and motivation within a cultural-historical framework. (shrink)

Seen from the point of view of evaluation conditions, a usual way to obtain a connexive logic is to take a well-known negation, for example, Boolean negation or de Morgan negation, and then assign special properties to the conditional to validate Aristotle’s and Boethius’ Theses. Nonetheless, another theoretical possibility is to have the extensional or the material conditional and then assign special properties to the negation to validate the theses. In this paper we examine that possibility, not sufficiently explored in (...) the connexive literature yet.We offer a characterization of connexive negation disentangled from the cancellation account of negation, a previous attempt to define connexivity on top of a distinctive negation. We also discuss an ancient view on connexive logics, according to which a valid implication is one where the negation of the consequent is incompatible with the antecedent, and discuss the role of our idea of connexive negation for this kind of view. (shrink)

Traditionally, liberals have confined religion to the sphere of the ‘private’ or ‘non-political’. However, recent debates over the place of religious symbols in public spaces, state financing of faith schools, and tax relief for religious organisations suggest that this distinction is not particularly useful in easing the tension between liberal commitments to equality on the one hand, and freedom of religion on the other. This article deals with one aspect of this debate, which concerns whether members of religious communities should (...) receive exemptions from regulations that place a distinctively heavy burden on them. Drawing on Habermas’ understanding of churches as ‘communities of interpretation’, we explore possible alternatives to both the ‘rule-and-exemption’ approach and the ‘neutralist’ approach. Our proposal rests on the idea of mutual learning between secular and religious perspectives. On this interpretation, what is required is (i) the generation and maintenance of public spaces in which there could be discussion and dialogue about particular cases, and (ii) evaluation of whether the basic conditions of moral discourse are present in these spaces. Thus deliberation becomes a touchstone for the building of a shared democratic ethos. (shrink)

Banking firms are becoming increasingly aware that their clients’ management of environmental and social risks may in term threaten their own business as lenders and investors. In addition, stakeholders are requiring banks to improve their social performance. As a result, some banks are developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and management systems to reduce potential risks and improve their performance. In the Spanish financial system, half of the banking firms are savings banks, most of which have always used some Corporate (...) Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria in their management. Private Banks have only recently started to integrate social aspects in their performance. However, no formal analysis has been carried out on the impact of CSR strategies. Various initiatives have been launched nationally and internationally to include the social dimension in management systems. The purpose of this research is to analyse the social performance of the main Spanish financial companies through public data such as social or sustainability reports and media sources. In order to do this, we need to determine which CSR criteria most greatly affect banking firms and to choose the most accurate quantitative and qualitative indicators to measure social performance. (shrink)

RESUMEN La hiperhidrosis primaria, enfermedad crónica por exceso de sudoración, aparece en etapas tempranas de la vida y ocasiona limitaciones que interfieren las relaciones sociales. Esta sintomatología hace que la capacidad de control y tolerancia al estrés sea limitada. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y se aportan resultados cualitativos individuales de tres jóvenes con hiperhidrosis primaria. Por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar el control y tolerancia al estrés asociados a la hiperhidrosis primaria que presentan tres jóvenes hiperhidróticos. (...) Fueron aplicados una entrevista semiestructurada, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado y el Sistema Comprehensivo Rorschach. Los resultados son diferentes en los tres jóvenes. Se concluye que las diferencias entre las personas con hiperhidrosis primaria, en relación a su capacidad de control y tolerancia al estrés, están dadas por la combinación característica de elementos que definen la personalidad en estilos y estados en situaciones de demanda social mantenida. ABSTRACT Primary hyperhidrosis, a chronic disease characterized by excessive sweating, appears at an early age and causes limitations that interfere with social relationships. This symptomatology limits the ability to control and tolerate stress. A descriptive research was carried out. It shows the individual qualitative results of three young primary hiperhidrotic people. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to characterize stress control and tolerance associated to primary hyperhidrosis in three young hyperhidrotic people. A semistructured interview as well as the State-Feature Anxiety Inventory and the Rorschach Comprehensive System were used. Results are different in the three young people. It was concluded that differences between people with primary hyperhidrosis, with regard to their ability to control and tolerate stress, lie in the characteristic combination of elements that define the personality in styles and states in sustained social demand situations. (shrink)

Ya quedan pocos representantes de la generación que hizo el concilio Vaticano II y podemos aventurar que para casi todos los que tienen menos de cincuenta años -incluidos los estudiantes de Teología- se trata de un hecho histórico tan perteneciente al pasado como el Concilio de Trento. Por poner un solo ejemplo, ellos consideran normalísimo celebrar la eucaristía en su propia lengua y no saben que se lo deben al Concilio Vaticano II.

Mortensen studies dual intuitionistic logic by dualizing topos internal logic, but he did not study a sequent calculus. In this paper I present a sequent calculus for complement-topos logic, which throws some light on the problem of giving a dualization for LJ.

It has been claimed that contracting connectivesContracting connective are conditionalsConditional. Our modest aim here is to show that the conditional-like features of a contracting connectiveContracting connective depend on the defining features of the conditionalConditional in a particular logic, yes, but they also depend on the underlying notion of logical consequence and the structure of the collection of truth values. More concretely, we will show that under P-consequenceP-consequence and suitable satisfiability conditions for the conditionalConditional, conjunctionsConjunction are contracting connectivesContracting connective for some (...) logics without thereby being conditional-ish. (shrink)

A contra-classical logic is a logic that, over the same language as that of classical logic, validates arguments that are not classically valid. In this paper I investigate whether there is a single, non-trivial logic that exhibits many features of already known contra-classical logics. I show that Mortensen’s three-valued connexive logic _M3V_ is one such logic and, furthermore, that following the example in building _M3V_, that is, putting a suitable conditional on top of the \(\{\sim, \wedge, \vee \}\) -fragment of (...) _LP_, one can get a logic exhibiting even more contra-classical features. (shrink)

Este artículo describe el perfil universitario de un maestro que ha dedicado toda su vida a la Universidad: L. Polo. Profesor de casi todas las materias de filosofía, preocupado por el descubrimiento de la verdad en su más alto nivel, por la interdisciplinariedad, etc. Sus cursos, sin repetirse nunca, han sido siempre un pensar en voz alta centrando la atención en los temas centrales. La mayor parte de sus libros son transcripción de esas clases. Su pensamiento se puede describir como (...) una filosofía de la esperanza. (shrink)

Alberic of Paris put forward an argument, ‘the most embarrassing of all twelfth-century arguments’ according to Christopher Martin, which shows that the connexive principles contradict some other logical principles that have become deeply entrenched in our most widely accepted logical theories. Building upon some of Everett Nelson’s ideas, we will show that the steps in Alberic of Paris’ argument that should be rejected are precisely the ones that presuppose the validity of schemas that are nowadays taken as some of the (...) most trivial logical truths: (A∧B) → A and (A∧B) → B, i.e. Simplification. (shrink)

En las páginas que siguen, vamos a realizar una lectura política del pensamiento de Derrida, dirigiendo nuestra atención, primero, a la deconstrucción de la escritura para centrarnos en el significado político de la différance , segundo, a la institución filosófica como vehículo de elaboración y transmisión del saber y, tercero, a lo que el pensador francés ha reunido bajo el rótulo figuras de lo imposible , con especial atención a la hospitalidad, la responsabilidad y la justicia.

According to logical non-necessitarianism, every inference may fail in some situation. In his defense of logical monism, Graham Priest has put forward an argument against non-necessitarianism based on the meaning of connectives. According to him, as long as the meanings of connectives are fixed, some inferences have to hold in all situations. Hence, in order to accept the non-necessitarianist thesis one would have to dispose arbitrarily of those meanings. I want to show here that non-necessitarianism can stand, without disposing arbitrarily (...) of the meanings of connectives, based on a minimalist view on the meanings of connectives. (shrink)

Recientemente se han ido introduciendo progresivamente en el discurso litúrgico dos cuestiones que se relacionan estrechamente con la noción teológica de la Liturgia y con la Pastoral litúrgica en acto: la cuestión del arte de celebrar y la del arte de participar. En esta nota recojo algunas consideraciones sobre ambas cuestiones partiendo de la noción de celebración que privilegia la Constitución de Liturgia.

A partir de la distinción entre culto genéricamente religioso y culto cristiano se reflexiona sobre la novedad de la Liturgia cristiana, en cuya naturaleza pesa más la dimensión descendente, o sea, su cualidad de ser actualización, aquí y hoy, del Misterio de Cristo que la dimensión cultual o ascendente, o sea la glorificación de Dios.

. In this paper we present a proposal that (i) could validate more relations in the square than those allowed by classical logic (ii) without a modification of canonical notation neither of current symbolization of categorical statements though (iii) with a different but reliable semantics.

Lo que la sociedad contemporánea necesita es integrar la mayor parte de lo que hasta ahora ha sido excluido, ignorado o despreciado. Utilizando la terminología hegeliana podemos decir que el Modernismo formuló una tesis que pretendía ser verdadera. Esa fue la fase afirmativa, que que, sin embargo, era sólo parcial. En consecuencia surgió una antítesis, la que se denomina Postmodernismo. Esta es la fase negativa, que se ha revelado también incompleta. Ahora nos vemos obligados a buscar una síntesis de las (...) dos fases anteriores, la verdad en un nivel superior. (shrink)

Resumen: El principal objetivo de este trabajo es pensar el concepto de meditación en la filosofía de Ortega y Gasset. La meditación es la esencia de la filosofía para Ortega. Meditar y filosofar son sinónimos. La filosofía no es mera teoría, sino que implica también práctica. El elemento teórico sólo tiene sentido cuando surge de la vida, pero ante todo la teoría sólo vale si vale para vivir. El ser humano para Ortega piensa porque vive, pero lo fundamental es que (...) piensa para vivir. Sólo los pensamientos que se alcanzan viviendo tienen valor para vivir. La meditación filosófica está siempre supeditada a la vida.The principal aim of this work is to think the concept of meditation in the Ortega y Gasset’s philosophy. For Ortega, meditation is the essence of philosophy. To meditate and to philosophize are synonymous. Philosophy isn’t simply theory, but it also implies practice. The theoretical element only makes sense when it arises from life, but above all theory only have value if it have value for life. For Ortega, human being thinks because he lives, but is fundamental that he thinks for life. Only thoughts reached by living have value for life. Philosophical meditation is always subordinated to life. (shrink)

Reseña de: Møller, Sofie, Kant’s Tribunal of Reason. Legal Metaphor and Normativity in the Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge/New York, Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 198. ISBN: 978-1-108-49849-4.

J. Butler has dealt with politics and the problem of social transformation since her early works. Her interest in these topics has been linked to the phenomenology of field, but her work has also been linked to psychoanalysis, with which she has had a fruitful dialogue. In this paper, I show, firstly, that a field is marked and receives its necessary mobility from the constitutive outside. Secondly, I show that Butler makes a “à la Freud” reading of the psyche which (...) she interprets as a field traversed by the economy of melancholy. Melancholy is not a psychic phenomenon but a structure and a fundamental event of the psyche and its formation. This event inaugurates a field marked by the ambivalence between the loss of the Other and the interpellation open to the Other, and marked by vulnerability as well, since the activity of agency and the passivity of receptivity cannot be distinguished. This indistinguishability or ambivalence is thought by Butler to be the starting point for a different way of doing politics. (shrink)

Convengamos en que el sistema no es algo adjetivo o sobrevenido. No es algo ‘metodológico’, como suele decirse. En realidad, el sistema “es lo más alto y esencial” (HEIDEGGER, M. Schellings Abhandlung über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit (1809). Tübingen, Max Niemeyer, 1971, p. 29). Esto, sin embargo, no significa que toda filosofía tenga sistema. Como recuerda Heidegger (1971, p. 32-3), la filosofía griega carecía de sistema, que gana su apogeo con la filosofía moderna y con el particular devenir metódico (...) de la misma. En Foucault, en cambio, habría que buscar una honda preocupación por el sistema (tal es, nos parece, la tesis fundamental de la obra que reseñamos) pero que, quizás marcada por Heidegger, ha tenido lugar casi siempre contra este su cuño moderno que es el método. No es casual por tanto que Foucault haya querido volver la mirada sobre esta época sin centrarse en el método pero sí en la máthesis, demostrando con ello la potencia del orden. (shrink)